Patricide Essays - Death, Homicide, Law, Fatherhood, Patricide

Patricide In the time of the Romans, the punishment for patricide was to be sewn up in a sack that had a monkey, snake, rooster, and dog inside, and then to be thrown in a river. Each of the animals in the bag had some specific meaning to them, and being sewn up in a sack and tossed into the river also had a specific function to the murderer. Thus this punishment became the proper way to punish the guilty. In the Roman era, patricide had become a major problem, so it was decided that for whomever held a title in Rome, there would be a meeting to discuss how to get rid of the problem and punish appropriately. The title holders decided that the best way to punish the young men, and to stop them from thinking of committing the sin, was to make them die, as well as make them feel everything their father had, and to regret their crime. This decision then became the chosen consequence for the crime of patricide. The significance of the animals was to torture the perpetrator in a particular way for his crime. The importance of the snake was that the snake was evil, dating back to the Garden of Eden, where it posed as the Devil and deceived Eve. While the victim was alive, the snake would be there to remind him of the ultimate sin-the deception of one's own father. The rooster is primarily known for his crowing, and thus his crows would remind the sinner of his guilt, so that he couldn't escape from what he did. The dog's function in the sack would be to howl, not only to be deafening and frightening, but also to evoke the wrath of the gods upon him. The monkey represents torture, because it is capable of mimicking human actions. It would mimic the son's behavior and re-enact the murder of the son's All four of these animals perform at least one role in torturing the boy, and so that he would be forced to think about what he had done to his father. The purpose of the sack was to increase tenfold the agony which his father suffered, and also to make him regret his decision to kill his father. With each passing moment, the torment would get progressively worse, so that the boy would get a taste of the Hell that was to be his afterlife, as punishment for committing patricide. The sack represented a way in which to make the boy suffer much more, and quickly before he drowned. The son was thrown into the river so that he could feel the way his father's panic when he killed him. The water would serve to scare the son in the way his father felt when he realized that his own son had turned on him. The sewn sack would prevent the son's escape so he would realize there would be no turning back from his actions. These different elements of punishment combined to make the murderer truly suffer each aspect of the crime through the torture. The closed sack with animal reminders of different aspects of the murder would serve as a deterrent to living observers. This ritual is a fitting punishment for the crime.

How Strong Is Your Faith Religion Essay Example

How Strong Is Your Faith Religion Essay Example How Strong Is Your Faith Religion Essay How Strong Is Your Faith Religion Essay and God replied: aˆÂ ¦ Because I m God . That s was all the reply he needed.God can easy take back everything that he created at any clip, which causes adult male to fear God. Peoples of the purest religion realize this and refund God with a life-time of court and servitude. This is normally the key behind all faiths were there s a God. For illustration, in the Hindu religion they have a God in which goes by the name of Shiva, believed to be the refinisher and destroyer of universes , which gives Shiva the character of being one of the most temperamental Gods of any religion. Shiva has the power to destruct the universe on a simple caprice. To turn out his power, Shiva one time cut his ain boy s caput and replaced it with an Elephant s caput. Once there was a narrative of a adult male whom desired power more than anything in the universe. He had to obtain sacred arms fromCraig Peitz How strong is your religion? Page3which were created by Shiva. Through deep speculation that went on boulder clay he clouded the celestial spheres that finally angered Shiva. Shiva so challenged the adult male to a conflict, in which he was easy conquered. Shiva was still impressed by the will and finding of this adult male, so Shiva ended supplying him with the arms that he desired so much. Shiva requires the type of religion that is strong plenty that adult male would even dispute God himself, which would do him the ideal Hindu.Religion is a portion of everyone s life ; throughout history, in art, in music, and particularly in literature. It s something that could even be traced back to adult male s earliest presence in this universe. Some people s religion extends further than others, but does this truly affair? When comparing the narratives of Job and Jonah, religion seems to no do a difference to God. Job being person who had strong, pure, and unfaltering religion, and on the other manus, Jonah had such faltering religion. Yet Job was punished when God tested his reli gion, and at the same clip Jonah merely fled from God, and yet he was forgiven. Faith seems non to truly count to God in the long tally. Between these narratives it seems that the good adult male ends up acquiring screwed in the terminal, while the bad cat seems to be rewarded. With that being said, Department of Energy s one adult male who truly worships God and pure terminal up weighing more in the eyes of God than an apathetic Hindu?Man holding the demand to believe that there is something out at that place that might superior to him with some type of account for our presence on this universe. God holding such an impossible popularity to mankind makes him necessary to mankind, decidedly holding lasted this long. We want to believe and happen something that proves there is something more than merely a nothingness when it s all over. Subconsciously, we even realize there really was no God, and no hereafter, there would be no effects, and the basic goodness within adult male would come to a mistake which would take away from us keeping the small order we have, and would advance pandemonium all around.Craig Peitz How strong is your religion? Page4The astonishing portion of our universe is that everyone has alone gifts, accomplishments, and abilities. One adult male may stop up every bit smart as Albert Einstein with a organic structure like the Hulk, and his brother would hold the head of the Rain-Man and the organic structure of Moby Dick. God seems to honor us in a assortment of ways. Some of us are blessed spiritually, some physically, some mentally, when some are all rounded. Wagess could be relative to faith. A adult male with wealth may be a strong truster, while a adult male with nil may be a blasphemer. But there might be no connexion between the sum of religion you have and how you re rewarded. This would do it much easier to believe, when some of the wealthiest people out there are normally iniquitous or have their custodies something that is. People s who believe might non be any better off than people who do nt believe. But there s a inquiry that still remains ; is faith really good or bad? In Moby Dick, inquiries of religion, wages, and ground, floats about subliminally in the lives and destinies of all the participants.The Dais: At my first glance of the dais, it had non escaped methat nevertheless convenient for a ship, these articulations inthe present case seemed unneeded. For I was non preparedto see Father Mapple after deriving the tallness, easy bendabout, and crouching over the dais, intentionally drag up theladder measure by measure, till the whole was deposited within,go forthing him inviolable in his small Quebec. Thingss like isolation, and disaffection could stop up being the consequence of strong religion. This causes you to be set apart from the crowd, doing you an castaway. Father Mapple being one of the truest trusters in this novelCraig Peitz How strong is your religion? Page5sets himself up at a distant, hi gher, and more protected topographic point. Mapple believes he is a direct courier from God. In this chapter The Pulpit is built unlike any other. Harmonizing to Mapple s specifications, it was highly tall with a long rope ladder taking to his platform ; this apparatus was really similar to get oning a vas. Once Mapple backdowns the ladder, he goes to an stray universe of his ain, taking him off from the metropolis where he s an highly popular giant adult male. He feels to hold such a necessity of traveling off to an stray island off from the existent universe so so he can pass on with God. Bing on a about empty, stray ship seems to be all that s left of his faith. This can be taken to intend that while Mapple is entirely on his vas and silence is environing him, he must mount up the simple ladder toward heaven in order to get away the land of the evildoers so he can pass on God s word. He so pulls up the ladder to forestall any distractions, visitants, or encroachers. Normally a ex istent vas would be set off to sea, which spiritually Mapple has to make. He so stands up high, looking down on the fold, he feels he is superior. He has a picture at the pes of the Pulpit of this ship contending off a colossal storm, and through the clouds is an Angel that is making light to steer the alone vas place. The vas in the picture is besides the same as the vas represented by the Pulpit and Mapple is at the Helm. Now at the top of the Pulpit is a dais where Mapple reads his Bible. His Bible in which guides his ship through the storms of evil. Now the resemblance of all this is that faith represents this alone vas, which must interrupt through these storms of immorality before the universe can be holy, and Mapple is the lone crewmember on this vas, who represents world.Religion is being a alone vas, and adult male stays entirely on this vas. The narrative from Coleridge, The Rime of the Ancient Mariner farther expresses this purdah. The seaman, who was a adult male that was cursed to walk the Earth, stating his narrative to those that he felt were fit.Craig Peitz How strong is your religion? Page6Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner: I pass, like dark, from land to land ;I have unusual power of addressthe minute that his face I seeI know the adult male that must hear me ;to him my narrative I teach It was narrative of a mariner whose crew had encountered some grilling times during their ocean trip. They discovered redemption in a particular Albatross that helped steer their way with fleet air current to unclutter their transition. Once they were out in the clear, they witnessed that there blest animal was killed by the seaman. In an instant the state of affairs deteriorated and all two-hundred crew members all of a sudden dropped dead, with the seaman left all entirely in the freeze, stormy conditions. Once repented, the vas was guided by all the shades of his crew members to an old anchorite who sent him on a lone pursuit. The quest he was sent on was for him to pass the remainder of his life going the universe, while stating his narrative to all he felt fit. This could really good be Elijah s quandary in ( Moby-Dick ) , person who appears to be an old insane rotter that wo nt halt draging Ishmael and Queequeg. It all started when the Pequod s documents were signed and that minute Ishmael and Queequeg have in consequence signed their souls off. He moved on speaking of a prognostication refering Ahab s destiny. Ishmael saw him as a doddering sap, but Elijah has a intent, he is a prophesier. He brought about a sense of pessimism before the journey of all time started. He was much like the Ancient Mariner in that he was damned to infinity of prognostication and warning. This is a warning that concerns a error which will lie in front on their Hunt. To the seaman, the Albatross is hunted despite the fact that it was their redemption sent by God. Elijah might be warning the deaf Ishmael that Moby Dick is really the Albatross that was sent from God. In any instance, Elijah s destiny was sealedCraig Peitz How strong is your religion? Page7coercing him into a life of purdah. He decidedly is a true truster, a prophesier, and possibly even some embodiment of God. Once once more person s faith leads them to solitude.Elijah s life may merely be the stoping to Jonah s narrative. After Jonah repented he was forgiven and reborn as a prophesier. As a prophesier or even a direct retainer of God, his journey will stop up being a lone 1 ; he will hold to fend for himself much like Elijah was. Everyone seems to look upon Elijah with intuition and ridicule, but this comes with the district. Although Jonah s narrative neer truly ended, his destiny was still written in rock, and Elijah s life is that destiny. Faith destines him to populate a life of purdah.Merely like Elijah and Jonah, Ishmael is besides left to a destiny of distributing his narratives to those he felt tantrum. He is the seaman, in which his ocean trip killed the mil lstone and he ended up paying the full monetary value left entirely in an empty ocean with nil but a casket as a life buoy. In all likelihood, God did non let Ishmael to merely agitate it off and travel on. This calamity will stop up devouring him for the remainder of his life, and this rhythm will neer stop because there will ever be another Ishmael and his Pequods.Starbuck on the other manus, is one of the most faithful Christians on the Pequod. He is really the voice of ground out of the whole crew and ever maintains his religion while the bulk of the crew ends up ignoring it. Like so many others, his spiritual religion ends up taking him to solitude. Now in The Quarter-deck , Ahab really describes his experiences with Moby Dick and so announces the end of his mission, and the full crew becomes genuinely excited in which they all end up traveling along on his insane pursuit. Through all of this, Starbuck ended up being the lone crew member to recognize that Ahab had really chang ed and became obsessional after this incident.Craig Peitz How strong is your religion? Page8The Quarter-deck: Vengeance on a dense beast! cried Starbuck, thatmerely smote thee from blindest inherent aptitude! Lunacy!To be enraged with a dense thing, Captain Ahab,seems profane. Even from the beginning, Starbucks faith isolated him from the remainder, he could hold easy decided to follow the crew, but that would waver his religion. He realizes he is wholly different from the remainder of the crew. He refused to imbibe sinfully with the remainder, due to the crazed and absurd pursuit of Ahab. Ishmael described the whole crew as being abhorrent, but Starbuck is really the ideal adult male ; possibly even God s design. Now this is rather a difference. Yet the lone factor that separates Starbuck from the whole crew is his religion, but his beliefs end up insulating him from the crew. His religion is truly pure but finally in ends up wavering. He shortly realizes that Ahab s compulsion h as been turning with each passing twenty-four hours and finally it will kill them all. At point Ahab really threatens Starbuck s life with a musket over a difference of sentiments. Starbuck ends up obtaining the musket and is forced to do a determination between his religion and justness. Starbuck being a adult male of faith knew that no affair the result, it will ever stop up being God s will.A difference of religions caused Queequeg to be alienated from the crew. Queequeg was a prince who came from the island of Kokovoko. Over clip he developed an involvement with Christianity and subsequently ended up happening himself onboard an English whaling vas. Although he did try to be assimilated into Christian society, but he finally lost involvement and ended up returning back to his ain religion. The lone thing genuinely learned were merely the accomplishments of whaling. Felling like Christianity had really made him less than pure he decided non return to his Island to claim his thron e. Even though he was greatly respected by the crew, they isolated him for his uniqueCraig Peitz How strong is your religion? Page9religion and civilization. During Queequeg s Ramadan, he was in a deep speculation did nt travel for a full twenty-four hours while idolizing his God. Ishmael had neer seen anyone do anything like this before, so to acquire Queequeg s attending he tried his hardest to strike hard down the door.Ishmael- The Ramadan: I so went on, get downing with the rise and advancementof the crude faiths and coming down to theassorted faiths of the present clip, during which clipI labored to demo Queequeg that all these Lententides, Ramadans,and prolonged ham-squatting s in cold, cheerless suites wereblunt bunk ; bad for the wellness ; useless for the psyche ;opposed, in short, to the obvious Torahs of Hygiene andcommon sense. I told him, excessively, that he being in otherthings such as an highly reasonable and perspicacious barbarian,it pained me, really severely pain ed me, to see him now solamentably foolish about this pathetic Ramadan of his. Ishmael being the sap tries his hardest to cover it by mocking Queequeg s God. He inquiries what sort of barbarian faith would necessitate your trueness and subject. In comparing to other faiths Ishmael s negative reaction indicates the deficiency of regard Christianity has for their God. Now Queequeg is decidedly non the inferior one in this instance. It seems that Ishmael s religion may be so weak and insecure that he feels he must change over and reprobate every barbarian he sees. Even though he says that Christianity has progressed, it seems he may reallyCraig Peitz How strong is your religion? Page10good may be utilizing a different lexicon than the remainder of the universe. Unless progressed really means to be declined to such an extent that a faithful Christian and a prophesier are considered monsters and are shunned and isolated from the universe. Ishmael s supplications to Yojo showed that he himself believes that Quequeg s religion is inferior to his. Ishmael and Queequeg underwent a heathen ritual, smoking to the doll, in order to corroborate their matrimony.Ishmael -A Bosom Friend: I was a good Christian ; born and bred in the bosomof the infallible Presbyterian Church. How so couldI unite with this wild idolizer in idolizing his pieceof wood? But what is worship? , thought I. Make you saynow, Ishmael, that the greathearted God of Edenand earth- heathens and all included-can be perchance bejealous of an undistinguished spot of black wood? Impossible! Ishmael is in denial and does nt recognize it. He has problems demuring that the Christian s God and Queequeg s God are the same being but in different signifiers. His religion is non strong plenty to see the graven image as nil more than merely a piece of wood. This is precisely where the relationship starts to hold jobs. Ishmael feels church is infallible and lacks any solid cogent evidence. He feels this was due to it being forced and installed into him his whole life. On the other manus, Queequeg has spent ample sum of clip idolizing his God to where he genuinely believes. Ishmael being so closed-minded, he refuses to accept that Queequeg s religion as anythingCraig Peitz How strong is your religion? Page11more than inferior, hence doing him more stray from Ishmael than a normal from what Christian criterions of friendly relationship are. In other words, Queequeg s religion makes Ishmael see him more as a pet than a friend.Queequeg is much like the character that goes by the name of John the barbarian from Huxley s Brave New World . John was raised off from new civilisation, hence he the chance to hold his ain sentiments, thoughts, and ideals. Now on the other manus, everybody that lives in this new society were encephalon washed from when they were kids in order to suit into their assigned categories. Just like Ishmael and the Christians, they were raised believed that everything th at they thought they knew was infallible. They believed in their haoma, a drug, as a agency to get away from their world, while John knows that the haoma were merely merely a recreation. They believed that the Feelies, a signifier of amusement, was the lone signifier of art, while toilet knew that was incorrect for a fact. He was good cognizant of literature, poesy, and Shakespeare. John was really open-minded because he was nt like everyone else, a brainwashed conformist. So do you believe if Ishmael would hold become more unfastened if he was nt raised by the church?Queequeg was discriminated against by everyone, because of his religion when he foremost boarded the ship. There is one standard for working aboard the Pequod, it was that you were a Christian. It did nt count if you were a Killer, thieve, or even an overall trash. All types were welcome with unfastened weaponries every bit long as you were Christian. On the other manus, Queequeg must turn out himself to everyone befor e he can work with them. It took a really dramatic experience for Queequeg in order to turn out his worth to the crew. This all occurred when a foolish adult male who ridiculed Queequeg was knocked overboard due to a loose station that knocked him into the ocean. Queequeg instantly dove into the icy H2O without any vacillation at all in order to salvage this adult male, and he succeeded. Since his beliefs differed from the others, he was required prove himself to his shipmates even though it was nt necessary for others, Christians, to make so. Unfortunately Queequeg s religion separated him fromCraig Peitz How strong is your religion? Page12his shipmates. In a manner it seems Christianity truly screwed Queequeg over. He was wholly rejected by the others, even though his involvements in Christianity lead him to go forth his people. He was driven away from Christianity from all the corruptness that came with it. Since his pureness was tainted by Christianity, it made him unworthy to b e able to return place and claim his throne.So far the strong religion that was in the lives of these mentioned trusters has non yet been a positive factor in their lives. We have Job who endured a demeaning trial by the God he loved. Then there s Mapple who felt that in order to pass on with God he had to be isolated upon a dais. Then we have Elijah, the seaman, who preach the word of God to everyone he saw even though they deemed him a baloney. Now we ca nt bury about Queequeg who was discriminated against by everyone, even his ain folk, merely because he was involved in two religions. These narratives make it seem like there is no advantage to holding any religion at all. In fact, in the long tally no affair whom they were and how strong their religion was, the full crew ended up holding the same destiny: a watery decease. All except for Ishmael, who was purportedly left to populate his life as prophesier distributing the word of God? The lone affect faith seemed to really hold o n these lives, was nil more than hurting and isolation. No 1 was rewarded nor did they receive any advantages merely for loving God. In which seemed to hold the opposite consequence for the non-believers, they had a clear advantage to non holding any faith at all.A life spent without faith is a life spent with leisure. The 2nd mate of the Pequod was Stubb, and he was the complete antonym of Starbuck. Starbuck started this ocean trip to gain a life, in which Stubb merely joined for the bang of the Hunt. Through this full ocean trip, Stubb truly enjoyed himself. His yearss are now disquieted free. His supper is one illustration of his impudence and unworried attitude. He and the black cook,Craig Peitz How strong is your religion? Page13Fleece, have a conversation that leads to inquiries about decease. Stubb asks Fleece where he plans on traveling after his decease, and Fleece merely subtly points up. Which was rather amusing since Stubb did nt understand this so he told Fleece that we decidedly do nt necessitate a cadaver merely hanging from their flag.Stubb -Stubb s Supper: You said up at that place, did nt you? And now lookat yourself, and see where your tongs areindicating. But, possibly you expect to acquire intoEden creeping through the lout s hole,cook ; but, no, no, cook, you do nt acquireat that place, except you go the regular manner, unit of ammunitionby the tackle. It s a delicate concern, but mustbe done, or else it s no spell. None of usare in heaven yet. He might hold some belief in Eden, but it s decidedly in a really distant corner of his head. He lives his life without concern of Eden at least until the last possible minute. He thinks religion is nil but useless, he s a non-believer. He asks Fleece how he intends to acquire into heaven since it seems the attempt is more problem than it is really deserving. On the other manus, the regular manner in Stubb s head involves a Starbuck-type trueness, which he does nt desire to give. When he says no ne of us are in heaven yet he is fundamentally stating: why bother? There is no cogent evidence and no unrecorded individual can be certain that heaven even exists until they die. Therefore, his life is full of enjoyment holding no faith, and yet he portions the same destiny of God s design. Starbuck does nt see orCraig Peitz How strong is your religion? Page14fear decease at all, and this is how he lives without any concerns, superstitious notions. One illustration Ishmael spring for Stubb s deficiency of faith and religion, is his pipe. It was described as a portion of his face, he thought of it to be some sort of bactericidal that would protect him from God s wrath. Ishmael does nt desire to believe that there will be no effects for your determinations in life. Yet some holding no spiritual strong belief at all easy lives his life freely, unlike most other Christians. I feel we all have the chance to do our ain Blue Prints of life regardless of our beliefs and or religion. The lone things that all worlds have in common is enduring, which brings us together, but yet we all are destined to the destiny of decease some merely sooner than others.These two massive figures from literary history lived two really similar lives despite their differences in religion and manners of get bying. Both were beset by great calamity, and endured in their ain was. Possibly there is something to be said of the captain s death when compared to Job s doggedness, but a religion in something greater is what bound them together.

Mexican-American War - Aftermath

Mexican-American War - Aftermath Previous Page | Contents Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo In 1847, with the conflict still raging, Secretary of State James Buchanan suggested that President James K. Polk send an emissary to Mexico to assist in bringing the war to a close. Agreeing, Polk chose Chief Clerk of the State Department Nicholas Trist and dispatched him south to join General Winfield Scotts army near Veracruz. Initially disliked by Scott, who resented Trists presence, the emissary soon earned the generals trust and the two became close friends. With the army driving inland towards Mexico City and the enemy in retreat, Trist received orders from Washington, DC to negotiate for the acquisition of California and New Mexico to the 32nd Parallel as well as Baja California. Following Scotts capture of Mexico City in September 1847, the Mexicans appointed three commissioners, Luis G. Cuevas, Bernardo Couto, and Miguel Atristain, to meet with Trist to discuss peace terms. Commencing talks, Trists situation was complicated in October when he was recalled by Polk who was unhappy with the representatives  inability to conclude a treaty earlier. Believing that the president did not fully understand the situation in Mexico, Trist elected to ignore the recall order and wrote a 65-page response to Polk outlining his reasons for doing so. Continuing to meet with the Mexican delegation, final terms were agreed to in early 1848. The war officially ended on February 2, 1848, with the signing of the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. The treaty ceded to the United States the land that now comprises the states of California, Utah, and Nevada, as well as parts of Arizona, New Mexico, Wyoming, and Colorado. In exchange for this land, the United States paid Mexico $15,000,000, less than half the amount offered by Washington prior to the conflict. Mexico also forfeited all rights to Texas and the border was permanently established at the Rio Grande. Trist also agreed that the United States would assume $3.25 million in debt owed by the Mexican government to American citizens as well as would work to curtail Apache and Comanche raids into northern Mexico. In an effort to avoid later conflicts, the treaty also stipulated that future disagreements between the two countries would be settled through compulsory arbitration. Sent north, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was delivered to the US Senate for ratification.   After extensive debate and some alterations, the Senate approved it on March 10.   In the course of the debate, an attempt to insert the Wilmot Proviso, which would have banned slavery in the newly-acquired territories, failed 38-15 along sectional lines.   The treaty received ratification from the Mexican government on May 19.   With Mexican acceptance of the treaty, American troops began departing the country. The American victory confirmed most citizens’ belief in Manifest Destiny and the nation’s expansion westward. In 1854, the United States concluded the Gadsden Purchase which added territory in Arizona and New Mexico and reconciled several border issues that had arisen from the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. Casualties Like most wars in the 19th century, more soldiers died from disease than from wounds received in battle. In the course of the war, 1,773 Americans were killed in action as opposed to 13,271 dead from sickness. A total of 4,152 were wounded in the conflict. Mexican casualty reports are incomplete, but it estimated that approximately 25,000 were killed or wounded between 1846-1848. Legacy of the War The Mexican War in many ways may be directly connected to the Civil War. Arguments over the expansion of slavery into the newly acquired lands further heightened sectional tensions and forced new states to be added through compromise. In addition, the battlefields of Mexico served as a practical learning ground for those officers who would play prominent roles in the upcoming conflict. Leaders such as Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant, Braxton Bragg, Thomas â€Å"Stonewall† Jackson, George McClellan, Ambrose Burnside, George G. Meade, and James Longstreet all saw service with either Taylor or Scott’s armies. The experiences these leaders gained in Mexico helped to shape their decisions in the Civil War. Previous Page | Contents

China is in a better position than India to succeed in the new global Outline

China is in a better position than India to succeed in the new global economy - Outline Example Consequently, there is a panic in Middle East on this basis and it is possible that global consequences may follow (Cetron et al, 2006). "Looking across the Pacific and to Asia, the emerging powers of the previous decade are now key players and global economic powers. Asia, led by a dynamic China and India, has emerged to lead the global economic recovery; it will be essential for America to engage with Asia in all areas ­Ã¢â‚¬â€œeconomic, security, and energy† (India, China new global powers, 2010). This idea expressed by a representative of American government means that America is on the way of establishment a strong partnership though diplomatic and political complexities may occur. China China impacts global economy by its incredible growth. China is a well-known producer of 13% of world economic output and is the largest consumer of nickel, copper and oil in the world. This country exports cement and is the leader in this niche. Investments of China are wide-spread in t he world. Import and export has been growing for the last 25 years to the greatest extent. China entered WTO in 2001 and thus China’s trade has increased. Every year China’s export grows per 29%. China has shifted accents of its export from textile to electronics (A New World Economy, 2005). Moreover, China intends to produce and export cars and airplanes in the nearest future. China invests in its own economy as well as foreign investments are attracted to this country. International society is greatly concerned about investments in China. If to compare China’s development on this stage with Korea’s development, it would be clearly seen that China is more open for foreign investments and is able to create many labor places in different industries, and not only low-paid jobs in agriculture (Chen et al, 2001). China proves that it is a favorable country for skilled professionals, their training and education. Thus this country has a great potential and doe sn’t intend to take place of a competitive employer, exporter and importer. Nevertheless it is necessary to mention that development of China is a well-weight policy. For example, China has very quickly managed firstly to transform Beijing boulevards and then modernize Shanghai by numerous skyscrapers. China’s manufacturing resides in the Pearl River Delta Region and its virtuous financial services reside in Hong Kong. Investments inside of the country are also evident in infrastructure of the country (Chen et al, 2001). Transportation infrastructure is well-developed and impresses by its large-scale innovations developed. China is able to deal with millions of new cars joining country’s traffic every month. Thus transportation infrastructure is of high interest for China’s investments. Thus economic growth of China, its overall investments make it a powerful participant of modern globalization process. India India is another challenger for a global power . There is an interesting expression about role of China and India in the international arena: â€Å"China is the ?workshop of the world, then India has become the laboratory of the world† (India, China new global powers, 2010). India’s services make this country an outstanding competitor (e.g. Tata Consultancy Services, Infosystems and Wipro Technologies). Moreover, India’s intention to develop its manufacturing sector makes this country as competitive in this area as

Health Policy Reflection Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Health Policy Reflection - Research Paper Example When comparing the United States’ health care system to the Canadian health care system one of the most prominent recognitions is that the United States charges considerably more for the same procedures. Mack (2011) indicates that the average cost of an appendectomy in the United States is $8,000. This is compared with Canada where the average cost of this operation is $5,000. There are a variety of reasons for this price disparity. One of the most prominent recognitions is that in the United States considerable amount more money goes towards administrative costs. These costs extend to the medical professionals as well. It’s recognized that many qualified medical professionals leave Canada to pursue higher paying jobs in the United States. While United States medical administrators and physicians receive higher salaries, this does not directly translate into improved quality of care. Another prominent difference between the United States and Canadian health care systems is the type of medical interventions that are implemented. In the United States there is considerable emphasis placed on expensive interventions. For instance, United States medical treatment regularly involves tonsillectomies, knee replacements, and MRIs. While these interventions are implemented in the Canada, the Canadian health care system places more focus on treatment at the primary care physician level. Klune (2011) indicates that in great part the Canadian primary care system is able to treat these issues before they become more large-scale and require expensive interventions. A final consideration is the nature of attitudes and socioeconomic conditions within the United States. An amount of research has argued that one of the major reasons the United States must spend more on health care costs than Canada is because the United States crime rate is higher (O’Neil 2007, p. 42). This higher

Chinese Business Culture Essay Example for Free

Chinese Business Culture Essay In accordance with our theories, it is necessary for Western exporters to learn about the Chinese business culture in order to be successful in marketing in China. There is an old Chinese proverb, â€Å"Enter village, follow customs†. The Chinese civilization has a long history and evidence shows that the way to get things done in China is to do it in the Chinese way. Chinese business culture is the key to the Chinese way of doing business and their style of negotiating (Fang 1998, p. 71). In this chapter, we aim to provide a framework to help those Western exporters get a better understanding of Chinese people’s business culture. 1. 0 Influence of Confucianism The Chinese culture encompasses diverse and competing philosophies, of which, Confucianism has been identified as the foundation of China’s great cultural tradition. Confucian values emphasis on interpersonal relationship and has provided Chinese business people with a relationship-based business approach (Bond Wang 1983). An ordinary Chinese person would also agree that business and marketing in China is about relationships to a great extent. The principle of harmony and trust in Confucianism reflects an aspiration toward a conflict-free and group-based system of social relations, and also means that communication in a business negotiation should be harmonious. Further, the principle of hierarchy emphasizes that each individual should be conscious of her or his position in the society, which is also evident in a business negotiation in China, especially in a decision-making process. (Bond Wang 1983) 2. 0 Guan Xi The Chinese term guan xi, rooted from Confucianism and translated into relationships or connections, is one of the most important traits of Chinese business culture, referring to the concept of drawing on connections or networks in order to secure favours in personal or business relations (Davies et al. 1995). It is a set of concentric circles of contacts, typically stretching from close family, to distant, to more distant relatives, to classmates, to friends, to friends’ friends, and so forth. In the Chinese business world, networking of guan xi is a peculiar advantage which can contribute a variety of commercial privileges and a great deal of business potentials for the marketer. This approach contrasts sharply with the deal-focused, task-oriented business cultures of North America and northern Europe (Gesteland Seyk 2002). Therefore, to establish a great guan xi with the Chinese counterpart, partners, customers, even the Chinese authorities and government should be an extremely important marketing strategy of Western exporter that wants to be successful on the Chinese market. 3. 0 Establishing a relationship Being relationship-focused, Chinese prefer to deal with family, friends, and persons who they know well and who they can trust. They are uncomfortable talking business with strangers, especially strangers who also are foreigners (Gesteland Seyk 2002). For this reason, the first step of business negotiation in China takes a lot of time outside of the office for socializing. The Chinese invite foreign guests for dinners, sightseeing, and other activities in order to facilitate the process of getting to know each other. The Chinese will want to know about this foreign company, its reputation and its management, and will be especially interested in the background, rank and personality of the individual foreign executives making the visit. A Western executive may become impatient with this step, both out of pressure to reach a deal quickly and out of the desire to separate business from the private aspect. However, what the Chinese are really doing at this stage is to test the sincerity, intelligence and deference of their prospective business partner before considering doing business with him or her. (Fang 1998) 4. 0 Attitudes to contracts Confucianism’s principles of interpersonal relationship and trust can even make many Chinese business people put relationships before contract (Alston He 1996). Many Chinese believe that risk in the business can be minimized by developing a quality relationship of guan xi with their business partners. They are more likely to see a contract as a basis of relationship rather than a legal document. Most of the Chinese executives involved in international business realize that Western executives require formal documents in which delivery dates, responsibilities and procedures are explicitly stated and will respect the clauses which they have agreed to. While the Chinese tend to think that, once a relationship has been established, future problems can be solved without legal recourse. And the Chinese are inclined to prefer agreements that are less detailed than the Westerner. Because, for them, changes are anticipated and those detailed contracts can become relatively useless. (Alston He 1996) Therefore, for a Western exporter, it would be wise to follow the Chinese model and only enter into business relationships with partners one knows and trusts. 5. 0 Face Another important Chinese cultural trait is the Chinese concept of face. In China, face is one’s good reputation in others’ eyes, one’s self-respect, dignity and prestige. If a Chinese is insulted, embarrassed, shamed or criticized in public, he or she will lose face. People can also give their counterpart face by making compliments and doing small favours. Giving face is an effective way to build a solid relationship (Gesteland Seyk 2002). Face issue is also evident in a Chinese business negotiation context. In the business world, negotiations should be conducted to assure that the Chinese counterparts keep face. Because of face consciousness, a Chinese negotiator would refuse to make any concession. Some of the many delays that Western business negotiators encounter are caused by the Chinese counterpart’s unwillingness to risk losing face. A lot of evidence has shown that a great deal will be gained by helping the Chinese to win face and a great deal will be lost by any slight action which may cause the Chinese losing face. As a result, cognition of the Chinese concept of face plays a critical role in successfully doing business with the Chinese. (Fang 1998) 6. 0 Holistic thinking In general, the Chinese have a deductive cognition, which means reasoning based on theory and logic (Brake et al. 1995). The Chinese are highly deductive in their assessment of opportunities and problems. They usually want to be introduced to a new product, service or other business opportunity by way of a theory. This theory should provide them with a straightforward overview of the opportunity. The meaning and application of the principles of this theory should then be demonstrated with data and facts, although quantitative justification and analysis play a less important role in China than in many inductive Western business environments. Chinese people are likely to be resistant to business proposals which are not presented first in a logical form. (Brake et al. 1995) 7. 0 Speech acts As China has a high-context culture, hinting is an exceedingly common way of communication for the Chinese. Sometimes, Chinese speakers feel that they have been very frank with a clear hint, while the Western listeners still can’t catch the point at all. Elements of â€Å"atmosphere† surrounding the conversation, such as previous experience, hierarchy and many other cultural factors modify the literal meaning of a Chinese speaker’s sentences. For example, â€Å"I agree† might mean â€Å"I agree with 15 percent of what you say†. And â€Å"We might be able to† could mean â€Å"Not a chance†. What is said is often not what the listener is expected to understand. This is one of the biggest culture shocks in many business negotiations between the Westerner and the Chinese (Johnston 1991, p. 209).

The Truth about Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide :: Free Euthanasia Essay

The Truth about Euthanasia      Ã‚   Euthanasia news apparently sells big in the media. Barred from conducting an on-camera interview with Jack Kevorkian in prison, ABC News is waging a court battle against the Michigan Department of Corrections; they have refused a request from the ABC program "20/20" to let Barbara Walters interview Kevorkian. Corrections invoked a state prisons policy that took effect last March, barring TV crews except for stock footage and scenes of inmates taking part in prison activities. A county circuit judge found in favor of ABC on July 13, saying the prison policy infringes on First Amendment rights [AP, 7/13]. However, this ruling was blocked two weeks later by a state appellate court [Washington Times, 7/30]. Kevorkian is serving a 10-to-25-year sentence. Media hype surrounding euthanasia clouds the issues involved in the euthanasia debate.    Numerous US studies have established that the Americans most directly affected by the issue of physician-assisted suicide -- those who are frail, elderly and suffering from terminal illness -- are also more opposed to legalizing the practice than others are:    * A poll conducted for the Washington Post on March 22-26, 1996, found 50% support for legalizing physician-assisted suicide (Washington A18) Voters aged 35-44 supported legalization, 57% to 33%. But these figures reversed for voters aged 65 and older, who opposed legalization 54% to 38%. Majority opposition was also found among those with incomes under $15,000 (54%), and black Americans (70%).    * An August 1993 Roper poll funded by the Hemlock Society and other euthanasia supporters indicated that voters aged 18-29 supported "physician-aided suicide" 47% to 35%; voters aged 60 and older opposed it 45% to 35%. Hemlock's newsletter commented that "the younger the person, the more likely he or she is to favor this legislation." The newsletter added that "this is somewhat at odds with how Hemlock views its membership," since it sees itself as defending the interests of elderly citizens. (Humphry; Poll 9) A study of cancer patients found that terminally ill patients experiencing significant pain are more opposed to physician-assisted suicide than other terminally ill patients or the general public. The patients who did tend to favor assisted suicide were those who had been diagnosed with clinical depression. The researchers commented: "Patients with pain do not seem to view euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide as the appropriate response to poor pain management.

Gender Inequality Essay

Gender can be defined as the socially constructed roles and duties society constructs, assigns and expects of males and females on the basis of their biological and physical characteristics. Gender is learnt, not permanent and differs from one community to another. Gender roles and responsibilities are found in all spheres of society be it economic, social, political or religious. Gender roles are affected by age, social class, ability, ethnicity and race. The gender roles help society to determine men and women access to rights, resources and opportunities. Gender in this perspective is not just a concept, but about perceptions and understanding concerning the affiliation between males and females in society and how gender influences their attitudes, behavior and responsibilities. Gender inequality refers to unequal treatment of men and women that are against the legal and constitutional requirement such as the human rights provisions as enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Hum an Rights of 1948 & The Convention on the Eradication of all forms of discrimination against females (1979). Most countries have, however, fallen short of entitling human rights and freedoms to everyone in society regardless of their sex (Michael 12). Gender inequality varies from developed countries to developing countries. Also considering that the world is comprised of different tribes and races that have distinct values and beliefs, gender inequality will vary with the same intensity. Such inequalities include the professional obstacles that women encounter in their workplaces. It is evident that women’s lack of leadership positions because such roles are considered to be meant for men. Those who are mothers may be penalized or discriminated for taking time off to attend to their children. The controversial issue concerning gender inequality is the need to acknowledge the unequal power relations between men and women in society and to work for greater gender equality and the advancement of women. It does not only mean the identification of specific areas that are important for women’s advancements, but also attempts to introduce a dimension of gender in all activities. It also means there is recognition of how important it is to work with both men and women to change the existing gender relations. According to the United States Census data, there is a gender wage gap in which women earn 77 cents for each dollar earned by a man. The gap is a matter of concern that has prompted  President Obama to announce the Paycheck fairness Act on Equal Pay Day. However, according to the one of the lead economist the statistics behind the gender wage gap are flawed. The flawed statistics have acted hindrance and distracter to the legislator and concerned public from finding the solutions that would solve the real problem-the gender jobs gap. The Census data that give the 77 cents on dollar comparison is based on aggregate earning of men and women thus ignoring job choice, education, experience, industry, and other factors that contribute to a person’s wage. If a comparison is made between men and women with the same background such as education and experience, same employer, among other the gender gap disappears. The reasons why the gender job gap exists is the due to low number of female occupying high executive levels and director positions. Men also are earning higher than women despite being in the same senio r-level jobs. The choice of work is a major that determine potential earnings. Men tend to take relatively high-paying jobs in engineering and IT, while women take low-paying jobs like education and human resources. The gender gap persists because men and women choose to pursue different careers (Autor et al, 2008). The gender job gap can be closed, if women are encouraged to pursue high-paying career in science, technology, mathematics, and engineering. Legislation should be formulated to bridge the gap in men and women career choice. An enabling environment should create in the workplace where women can be empowered and helped to rise to top executive positions. Comparing the job to job is not tenable solution in addressing the gender wage gap; more need to be done to bring women earning close to that of men (Juhn et al, 2014). Gender inequality also involves feticide and infanticide. For instance, in India and China, a male child is more appreciated than a female child. Parents have to find out the sex of the baby they are carrying so as to decide whether to terminate the pregnancy or kill the child after its birth (Kristoff, 69). One of my family members in China, my cousin who has a bias th at boys better than girls. I was very angry that he convinced his wife went to abortion because his wife pregnant with a girl when I knew he did that. He explained that China has the birth control policy and he just want to a boy to continue his family name. In the legal area at China, it wasn’t involve in crime for what he did. However, in the ethical area, he deprive his wife’s thought and the  baby who didn’t has chance come to the world. I think he against the humanity and nature. There are also a number of organizations in society that play key roles in the construction of gender. These organizations need to be gender sensitive so as to ensure they continue in the positive construction of gender equality. Such organizations include the family, the most imperative socializing proxy, school, media and religion. Several theoretical perspectives exist that tend to explain the origin of gender inequalities. Radical feminists argue that the gender inequalities arise from the biological differences among individuals that produce a form of social organization that equip men and women with the different roles they play in society. For example, women are handicapped by their biology in terms of pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding that makes them dependent on men. This dependence creates an une qual power relationships and power psychology. They also argue that, in every society, a high value is placed on culture rather than nature. Through culture, supernatural forces can be sought in order to achieve success, hence it is considered a means by which humanity governs and regulates nature. Women are seen closer to nature than men because of their social roles as mothers and reproduction (Hekman 52). Men, on the other hand, participate in activities such as warfare, politics that involve culture. This makes them better to women. From a Marxist perspective, gender inequality arose during the earlier stages of development when there was ownership of private property. Men gained control over the women and property hence the patriarchal system of family where property was passed down through the male’s line. Marxists thought this would change with the capitalist system but women still continue to be disadvantaged compared to men. On the contrary, liberal feminists approached gender inequality in a more elaborate way. They argued that nobody benefits from the existing gender inequalities since both men and women are harmed by inequalities. While women do not get opportunities to develop their talents and become successful and skilled members, men are also denied the o pportunity of having a close relationship with their children. Gender inequality is caused by the general credence that males are superior to females; because of this idea, women have spent some significant amount of years suffering under their counterparts. Males also tend to be more emphatic and absolute because of their natal hormones or intuitive  intellect. Sexual discrimination is also another major cause of gender inequality where women are viewed by men as just sex objects rather than real human beings with standards and morals. Other general contributing factors of gender inequality include unequal power relations, assumptions about male and female behavior, insufficient laws against gender inequality, cultural, traditional and religious practices. I became aware of this problem through the campaigns that the government and other Non-Governmental Organizations have held. Their efforts are directed towards ensuring that gender inequality is minimized all over the world. Awareness is being created among women where they get to be educated on their rights and freedoms (Hurst, 96). The women are being empowered through sponsoring women projects as a way of generating income that makes them less dependable on women. The media is al so playing a vital role on the sensitization of ways of minimizing gender inequality in the societies. Higher education in universities and colleges also promotes women support and all levels of society. The government is doing everything in its power to increase the productivity of women by initiating income generating projects. However, they do not take into account that women are already overburdened with work, they do not control family budgets and many of them have difficulties of freedom and movement. It is evident that the informal sector has limited employment opportunities and these projects will not be taken with the seriousness it deserves despite having the ability to empower the women. It is also easy to mobilize individuals or groups for a specific goal such as a political action or assisting members who are in need. In this case curbing, the menace of gender inequality in the society will be of great help. This is because it has charged most nations more harm than good. Most people have depicted that certain duties and tasks are to be performed by certain persons making gender imbalance. Heavy duties are usually dedicated to men while the simple ones are left to the females creating a huge difference in genders. Until all these issues are addressed there is no way that the nation and the globe will ever achieve gender balance. Work cited Michael G. Peletz, Gender, Sexuality and Body Politics in Modern Asia. Ann Arbor, MI: Association for Asian studies, 2011. Kristoff, Nicholas D. (August 23, 2009). â€Å"The Women’s Crusade.† New York Times. Retrieved February 16, 2011. Burstein, Paul. â€Å"Equal Employment Opportunity: Labor Market Discrimination and Public Policy.† Edison, NJ: Aldine Transaction, 1994. Hekman, David R.; Aquino, Karl; Owens, Brad P.; Mitchell, Terence R.; (2009) An Examination of How Racial and Gender Biases Influence Customer Satisfaction. Autor, D. H., Katz, L. F., & Kearney, M. S. (2013). Trends in US wage inequality: Revising the revisionists. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 90(2), 300-323. Juhn, C., Ujhelyi, G., & Villegas-Sanchez, C. (2014). Men, women, and machines: how trade impacts gender inequality. Journal of Development Economics, 106, 179-193.

Can schools effectively improve students’ self-regulatory skills? Essay

INTRODUCTION Overview of the Study Self-regulation is the key mediator between genetic predisposition, early experience, and adult functioning. This paper argues that all the key mechanisms underpinning the enduring effects of early relationship experiences interface with individuals’ capacity to control (a) their reaction to stress, (b) their capacity to maintain focused attention, and (c) their capacity to interpret mental states in themselves and others. These three mechanisms function together to assist the individual to work closely and collaboratively with others. If self-regulation can be influenced by experience at young age, then there is a window of opportunity in early childhood to strengthen skills that will be important for multiple domains of competence. Purpose: In this study we will look at the origins of self regulation in early childhood when many of the tools for good adaptation are shaped by interactions between children and their environments. We will examine (through qualitative research) how a specific school program can provide the infrastructure for building efficient self-regulatory skills in children. The program being studied is called Youth Empowerment and is run by a Art of Living, a non-profit educational organization, that provides stress management techniques to increase learning abilities as well as self regulatory coping skills for academic achievement and daily living. Here it will be analyzed how self-regulation is enhanced in children before and after participating in the Art of Living programs to see what impact the course has. At the same time we will study self-regulation of a similar group of children, not participating in the course, for comparison as our control group.   Background of the Study The work on self-regulation as a whole strongly suggests that these skills are extremely important for the development of competence. They begin to emerge in early childhood, and are shaped by a child’s experience as well as his or her disposition. A cranky baby may elicit different care from a parent, and a parent’s behavior may increase or decrease an infant’s proneness to distress, such that both parties influence the quality of their relationship. Their relationships in turn can then help or hinder the development of self-regulation. (Ann S. Masten, J. Douglas Coatsworth.,1998). For example, children with insensitive, unresponsive care givers do not have these emotionally supportive experiences. They may repeatedly become overwhelmed by their emotions since at early ages self-regulatory abilities are limited. Difficulties with emotional self-control may be contributing to the non-compliant, impulsive, aggressive and/or regressive behaviors we see in some children in early childhood settings. (Sharne Rolfe, 2004)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This may be one example of how the brain is shaped by experience in these early years. Moreover, if self-regulation can be influenced by experience, then there is a window of opportunity in early childhood to strengthen skills that will be important for multiple domains of competence. Children who have trouble directing their attention or controlling their impulses may not do well on IQ tests or in the classroom or may not learn to comply with rules as readily or get along well with peers. Hence, self regulation may be a factor in predict not only academic achievement but other aspects of competence as well, such as rule-abiding behavior. For example, the findings of a recent study (A. Fabes, Nancy Eisenberg., 1992), supported the conclusion that socially competent and popular children coped with anger in ways that were relatively direct and active and in ways that minimized further conflict and damage to social relationships. The ability to make a successful transition to and through college is one of the most important challenges faced by adolescents and young adults. Researchers have clearly demonstrated the significance of self-regulation skills in such academic contexts. Collectively, they paint the self-regulating learner as someone who is meta-cognitively sophisticated. Someone who can assess the requirements of the learning task at hand, and who can identify and deploy the appropriate learning strategies; the self-regulating learner is someone who is able to make appropriate attributions for success and failure, and who readily accepts responsibility for his or her own learning (Pintrich & DeGroot, 1990). However, while studies have begun to specify how features of students’ immediate learning environments affect the development and use of self-regulation skills, relatively little attention has bee n paid to the role of the family context in fostering or impeding the development of these skills. Studies that have addressed this topic for elementary school age children have found that parental support for autonomy is positively related to children’s self-reports of autonomous self-regulation (Grolnick & Ryan, 1989), and that these parenting practices are predictive of children’s adoption of an intrinsic academic achievement motivational orientation (Ginsburg & Bronstein, 1993). Past methodologies have not â€Å"scored† well with the academic demands placed upon students, as demonstrated by New York City’s 50% four-year graduation rate. In the past educators and social workers have attempted to change the student’s external stress factors to increase their academic performance, (e.i. federally funded school lunch programs, school social workers and psychologists). Although all of these programs serve to alleviate a student’s risk level for failure, it is the student’s perception and reaction to his environment, his coping skills, which determine the impact stress factors will have upon his performance.The Art of Living Youth Programs provides skills to improve these factors through stress management, human values, and service. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE According to recent experiments in public schools in   New York City, the Art of Living Youth Programs provides such-self-regulatory skills to improve these factors through its multi-pronged approach to effectively eliminate stress, violence, aggression, and lack of academic interest in today’s youth . One   key approach is the stress management technique called Sudarshan Kria Yoga ( SKY). SKY (Sudarshan Kriya Yoga) stress management practices use breathing techniques to lower the stress level in students and enable them to increase their learning abilities as well as coping skills for academic achievement and daily living. How SKY practices may help to create the ideal mental state for learning is currently being studied. In a recent analysis of SKY techniques, Dr. Richard P Brown, Associate Clinical Professor of Psychiatry for Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, and Patricia L Gerbarg, MD, Assistant Clinical Professor in Psychiatry at New York Medical College have proposed a neurophysiological model to explain how yoga breathing stress management techniques may impact the nervous system. They state, †Although the scientific exploration of   SKY by Western medicine is in its infancy, these breathing techniques have the potential to relieve anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and many stress-related medical illnesses. In addition, they may provide new approaches to the treatment of behavioral disorders of children, attention deficit disorder, violence, alcoholism, and the rehabilitation of prisoners.† After undergoing the program, children demonstrate enhancement of creative skills, improved memory and concentration, development of leadership qualities and healthy emotions, clarity of mind as well as improved interaction with their peers. (Art of Loving, 2007) Indeed, recent research supports such findings. In a study on the said subject (Nagendra, et al, 1989), it was noted within a group of mentally challenged children that there was a highly significant improvement in the IQ and social adaptation parameters in the yoga group as compared to the control group. One can only deduce that meditation not only creates a shift to happier, more positive attitudes in students, but also increases critical learning skills. In summary, current research on children’s abilities to regulate emotions and social interactions shows that children who enter school with significant problems in self-regulation, or who have impaired learning abilities have a substantial disadvantage for meeting the developmental tasks of middle childhood. Intervening early to encourage self-regulation may be an important strategy for future interventions, although we need to know more about these processes to inform such efforts. Hypotheses The hypothesis of the study is that children participating in the Art of Living Youth programs improve their self-regulatory skills.   Changes in self-regulatory skills will be estimated through questionnaires. If the hypothesis is indeed valid, it would strongly suggest the importance of the Art of Living program, not just to current well-being of the children, but also to their future balance and emotional stability. METHOD Procedure   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The process of research to be utilized aims to prove the hypotheses noted above which states that children participating in the Art of Living Youth programs improve their self-regulatory skills. Instrumentation Data is to be collected by questioning the students themselves as well as parents and teachers, both before they start the Art of Living course and after they have finished the program.   The questionnaire is going to be the same but taken at different time periods to record any improvements. The questionnaire is to be based on the â€Å"Self-Regulation Questionnaire† (SRQ) (Brown, Miller, & Lawendowski, 1999) but adjusted to fit the age group in question.  Ã‚   The original adjusted questionnaire is included in Appendix A.   Each question is to be answered on a scale from one to five depending on how much the subject agrees with the question statement.  Ã‚   Several studies show that the low SRQ scores are correlated with alcohol-related consequences, drug use, drinking after driving and tobacco smoking, all of which can be associated with low self-esteem.   (Brown, 1994) (Brown, Baumann, Smith & Etheridge 1997) The Sample [Respondents] The participants will be recruited from a New York based School participating in the Art of Living project.   The teachers of the relevant classes will explain the study to the parents and sign them up.   As the Art of Living courses are held annually it’s difficult to do repeated experiments, however the same questionnaire will be presented to a group of students not participating in the course at same time to see if there are any factors (seasonality, community sentiment etc) that are effecting self-regulation, not the Art of Living course. DATA PRESENTATION AND RESULTS All results will be processed in Excel and the hypothesis tested individually for the different groups: children themselves, parents and teachers.   We will collect data both for students participating in the Art of Living classes and from a control group that does not participate.  Ã‚   The hypothesis will be testing by analyzing if the difference in SRQ score is statistically significant for the participants of the Art of Living course from when they begin until the course is over.   The results will be compared to the control group to see how different the results are. DISCUSSION   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To present further explanation of the matter, the researcher aims to implement different issues that are related to the situation being discussed. With the utilization of the results presentation and the explanation that has been used to introduce the presentations, the proof that is needed to identify the practicality and the truth behind the hypotheses of the study shall be given clarity. Understandably, through the validation of the informations presented within the study, the idea of increasing self-regulation among young learners would become much acceptable for actual learning application among early-childhood learning institutions. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION To end the research, a six-point summary shall be used to present the major features of the study that is most implicative and influential to the society today with regards the issue of depression. Most likely, the conclusive statements that could best support this study would be much of that of the features of the study as to how it aims to face the issues of the matter in a more actual process. The concern of this study shall be fully introduced within the conclusion section as it aims to make an implication that depression among individuals could also be affected by the traditional culture that they were primarily brought up with.    REFERENCES    Fonagy, P., Target, M. (2002). Early Intervention and the Development of Self-Regulation. Psychoanal. Inq., 22:307-335. The Development of Competence in Favorable and Unfavorable Environments : Lessons from Research on Successful Children. Journal article by Ann S. Masten, J. Douglas Coatsworth; American Psychologist, Vol. 53, 1998. 16 pgs Sharne Rolfe (2005), Rethinking Attachment for Early Childhood Practice: Promoting Security, Autonomy and Resilience in Young Children, Allen &Unwin Richard A. Fabes, Nancy Eisenberg .Young Children’s coping with Interpersonal Anger. , Vol. 63, No. 1 (Feb., 1992), pp. 116-128 Family Context Variables And The Development of Self-Regulation In College Students Adolesence, Spring, 1998 by Amy A. Strage.      Pintrich, P., & DeGroot, E. (1990). Motivational and self-regulated learning components of classroom academic performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 82, 33-40. Pressley, M., & Ghatala, E. (1990). Self-regulated learning: Monitoring learning from context. Educational Psychology, 25, 19-33. Rohwer, W. D., Jr., & Thomas, J. (1989). The role of autonomous problem-solving activities in learning to program. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 584-593. Schunk, D. (1989). Self-efficacy and cognitive skill learning. In C. Ames & R. Ames (Eds.), Research on motivation in education. Vol. 3: Goals and cognitions (pp. 13-44). San Diego: Academic Press. Thomas, J., & Rohwer, W. D., Jr. (1993). Proficient autonomous learning: Problems and prospects. In M. Rabinowitz (Ed.), Cognitive science: Foundations of instruction (pp. 1-32). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum. Weinstein, C. E., Zimmerman, B., & Palmer, D. (1988). Assessing learning strategies: The design and development of the LASSI. In C. E. Weinstein, E. T., Goetz, & P. A. Alexander (Eds.). Learning and study strategies: Issues in assessment, instruction and evaluation (pp. 25-40). New York: Academic Press. Zimmerman, B. (1990). Student differences in self-regulated learning: Relating grade, sex, and giftedness to self-efficacy and strategy use. Journal of Educational psychology, 82, 51-59. Grolnick, W., & Ryan, R. (1989). Parent styles associated with children’s self-regulation and competence in school. Journal of Educational Psychology, 81, 143-154. Ginsburg, G., & Bronstein, P. (1993). Family factors related to children’s intrinsic/extrinsic motivational orientation and academic performance. Child Development, 64, 1461-1471. Art of living, 2007.http://www.artoflivingyouth.org/research.html. Uma, K., Nagendra, H. R., Nagarathna, R.,Vaidehi, S., & Seethalakshmi, R. (1989). The integrated approach of yoga: a therapeutic tool for mentally retarded children: a one year controlled study. Journal of Mental Deficiency,Research, 33, 415–421. Brown,J.M. ( 1994).Alcohol involvement and self-regulation in male alcoholics. Unpublished Dissertation,University of New Mexico, Albuquerque. Dissertation, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque.    Brown, J. M., Baumann, B. D., Smith, C. D., & Etheridge, S. L. (1997, July, 1997). Selfregulation,extroversion, and substance abuse among college students. Paper presented at the Research Society on Alcoholism, San Francisco, CA    Brown, J. M., Miller, W. R., & Lawendowski, L. A. (1999). The Self-Regulation Questionnaire. In L. VandeCreek & T. L. Jackson (Eds.), Innovations in clinical practice : A source book (Vol. 17, pp. 281-289). Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press.   Ray Doktor ( 1996) Attachment Theory, Neurobiology, and Psychopathology, from http://www.wholeminds.com/web/index.php?module=article&view=9   

Human impacts on the hydrology of the Mekong River

Human impacts on the hydrology of the Mekong River Damage to the River Mekong Basin Mekong is a river that runs across Southeast Asia and is considered as the tenth longest river in the world. It is approximately 4,900 km and covers an area of roughly 795,000 square km. the river runs across several countries, including China, Burma, Laos, and Vietnam.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Human impacts on the hydrology of the Mekong River specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since the river flows through highly populated areas with intensive agricultural activities and water diversion practices, it has continuously undergone a shift in its hydrology especially when it flows through China. For instance, China is currently embarking on a project in which it will construct dams out of the river, three of which have been completed, while 12 are on different stages. In Thailand, the Pak Mun dam is already complete, and in Cambodia, a reserve has been constructed on the Tonle Sap R iver, which flows into the Mekong. These dam construction activities have had adverse effects on the hydrology of the river. The lower Mekong River has experienced a reduction in water levels over the years, and this reduction has been attributed to dam construction activities upstream. For instance, the filling of the Manwan reservoir 1n 1992 caused a drastic reduction in the water level in the river (Walling, 2006). An assessment of the river at various stages showed that an interruption of the regular water flow, evidenced by an increase in sediment in Mekongs bed. Eve though some of these constructions are not undertaken on the main course of the river, the effect is still significant, for instance, studies show that construction on the Lankang River, the Mekongs main stream, has caused a considerable reduction of water downstream (Lu and Siew, 2006). Dam construction has increased the volume of sediments in the Mekong River. This is because a reduction in the flow of water effe ctively reduces the amount of water to transport the sediments downstream. Therefore, the sediments settle at the bottom of the river and reduces it depth.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Indeed, studies show that areas along the middle and latter points of the Mekong River have had a reduced amount of sediment flux, mainly attributed to the sedimentation of the Manwan dam. The sediments are also captured in the reservoirs and dams that are constructed on the river or its tributaries. A reduction in sediment flow has had a huge effect on the hydrology and ecosystem of the Mekong, especially at the downstream sections (Kummu Varis, 2007). Sediment flux leads to a low water depth and this has caused ferries to get stuck, smaller fish are now caught and the catch has dropped drastically while the Chiang Rai port on River Mekong is recording very low business. Sedim ent flux along the Mekong River has mainly affected areas immediately downstream of the dams under construction or being in-filled. This quite different to some areas in which the flow has either increased or remained constant most probably as a result of alluvial storages within those areas. Surprisingly, a decline in sediment flux also comes with some advantages, for example, it would enhance regulation of the flood cycle, hence lowering the frequency and degree of floods. However, areas that depend on floods to get nutrients will suffer consequently. The Tonle Sap River and its ecosystem have been mostly affected by dam construction upstream (Kummu and Sarkulla, 2008). Dam constructions have caused a shift in the direction of flow of the Mekong River and this has led to a grave effect on the ecosystem. Alterations in flow and a reduction of the volume of flow have affected Tonle Saps floodplain, and its forest, by altering the flood-pulse mechanism of Lake Tonle Sap. This has cau sed a gradual loss of the forest and other protected areas and this in turn affects the livelihoods of persons who live downstream and who depend on Tonle Saps natural resources. Mitigation strategies to address damage to natural systems The first mitigation measure to prevent damage to the downstream Mekong River is to regulate the construction of dams and reservoirs. To achieve this effort, the countries through which the river passes have formed a commission known as Mekong River Commission.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Human impacts on the hydrology of the Mekong River specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The commission has regularly blamed China for its disregard to the effort to stop construction of dams. Regulation of dam construction would ensure that water in the dam remains at levels that do not lead to sediment flux, nor does it lead to flooding. Lu and Siew (2005) argue that rivers have a natural ability to maintain an equilibrium despite alterations in their hydrologic regimes, while this assertion may be true, it may not work in cases of extreme damage to river regimes. Therefore, a mitigation strategy must be put in place. Such a strategy would involve dredging, where sediment are physically removed from the river bed so that the water can flow freely. While this is only a short-term solution, it will be useful while permanent methods, which may take a long time due to the involvement of many countries, are being sought. References Kummu, M., and Sarkkula, J. (2008). Impact of the Mekong River Alteration on the  Tonle Sap Flood Pulse. Ambio., 37(3). Kummu, M., and Varis, O. (2007). Sediment-related impacts due to upstream reservoir trapping, the Lower Mekong River. Geomorphology 85, 275 293. Lu, X. X., and Siew, Y. (2006). Water discharge and sediment flux changes over the  past decades in the Lower Mekong River: possible impacts of the Chinese dams. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. , 10, 181-195. Lu, X. X., and Siew, Y. (2005). Water discharge and sediment flux changes over the  past decades in the Lower Mekong River. Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci. Discuss., 2, 2287-2325.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Walling, D. E. (2006). Human impact on land-ocean sediment transfer by the worlds  rivers. Geomorphology 79, 192-216.

Administrative Law Rev Essay Example for Free

Administrative Law Rev Essay ? Freedom of Information Act 1982 is entirely in the interest of public who can have access to various documents of government of Victoria and its public agencies for verification or for any other useful purpose.   The sole objective of FOI Act is to bring awareness among public whether the functioning and operations of government are in order   and how public analyze the same. Section 22 provides about the charges to be paid for having access to specific documents.   The section provides technical details of payment of fee that is calculated with time that is taken for search of documents.    This is particularly due to the fact that   the time taken for search of documents may vary depending on the date of publication of document. This is also in order to reduce the payment of fee to be paid by public.   All sectors of public may not afford to pay high rate of fees for having access to government documents.   In view of such as these reasons, hourly rate and time taken for search of documents has been included in this section. The section also covers transcription (h)   and routine requests (g)   and in case of inspection of documents no charge shall be calculated (f) in pursuance of Section 8(1) or 11(1). Section 27 clearly states about reasons of refusal of documents by a Minister of state to that effect, applicant shall be informed about the reasons in writing.   This section is somewhat complicated with the fact that a minister or a government official is a servant of public and with that motive, public must be provided access to the documents which is the sole purpose of FOI Act. This section is likely to give rise to conflicts between and may bring a deep dissatisfaction to public. Some of the documents that contain health information are also restricted with the provisions of Health   Records Act 2001, which of these reasons are also to be stated to applicant.   Although there are clauses for applying of review of decisions, launch complain to Ombudsmen, it is both time consuming and   undecisive for applicants to move further with such grievances. Section 50 deals with applications for review which would be pending with Tribunal for decisions.   This may pertain to a request for document, charge made, decision for access, or any other specific request regarding information under FOI Act.  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Tribunal in all respects has to deal with each individual case, giving its due importance of provisions along with genuine reasons. This section is in favor of public, as Tribunal shall reconsiders and reviews the decisions and grants permissions to public in various aspects that are relevant to FOI Act. The Tribunal may refuse the decision of Minister or agency and give an order in favor of public. Those issues or requests for documents which were not considered by Minister, are very well resolved at Tribunal by applicants. Section 51 states that an applicant may apply to Principal officer or Minister for review of decision, which was given in the deemed absence within 28 days   for review of decision or refusing to give access to health documents as per Section 36 of Health Records Act 2001. This section offers powers and opportunities to public   for   reconsideration of requests for having access to documents.   Applicants have to be excessively vigilant in deriving the maximum benefit from the government bodies and officials.  Ã‚  Ã‚   This section is both useful for public and for principal officers to check the veracity of facts in all respects. Section 51A  Ã‚  Ã‚   deals with conciliation of Health Service Commissioner   which state that issues that were deferring in Section 50 and 51 in the matters of health documents, may suitably be taken up by applicant with this section and apply for Health Service Commissioner’s decision.   In case Health Service Commissioner fails to conciliate a request, to that effect an notice in writing must be issued to both applicant and Principal Officer. This appears as a last resort for applicant as the decision of Health Service Commissioner is the final approach for an applicant. Conclusion The enactment of FOI is made with a view of regularizing the functioning and to increase the   working efficiency of governments.   Apart from this fact, the public are also provided an in-depth knowledge about information and working status of governments. Although there are many technicalities involved in FOI Act, each section, sub-section and clause, a significance of reason is attached to it for the benefit of both public and governing bodies. Administrative Law Rev. (2018, Nov 11).

Nursing Case Study Assessment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Nursing Assessment - Case Study Example This shows that she is staining to breathe. The other priority problem that the nurse should note in the diagnostic statement is that Jane is experiencing dehydration. Dehydration is shown by dryness of the lips and the fact that her skin has lost its turgor and has become (Shen, Johnston and Hays, 2011). The other priority problem that should be noted by the nurse is that the patient is experiencing pain. During the examination it is observed that Jane is having problems forming sentences and she is not able to take Ventolin. Q2. During the diagnosis, it has been identified that Jane’s oxygen saturation is alarming which suggests that the oxygen saturation are 90 percent of Room air. To deal with this problem, the nurse will use the four components of the nursing interventions. The intervention will be performed by the nurse who will be in contact with the patient for most of the time during her stay in the hospital. The other nursing component that will be included in the in tervention is performance of respiratory evaluations of the respiratory rate and effort that Jane is using when breathing (Shen, Johnston and Hays, 2011). Assessment of the respiratory rate is critical given that Jane has already shown signs of having problems in breathing and asthma is usually characterized by respiratory problems. The other nursing intervention to be implemented to rectify the problem is to carry out frequent assessment of the patient at least once daily. Frequent monitoring will allow the nurse note the progress of the patient and in case any emergency care is required, a physician can be called in immediately. The fourth nursing intervention that will used to rectify the problem is to administer pain relief to the patient. This is because the patient has shown signs of being in pain (Shen, Johnston and Hays, 2011). Q3. During the assessment of Jane, it becomes evident that she is experiencing chronic pain as she coughs. According to Gagnon (2011), pain is a subj ective symptom and when measuring pain, the medical practitioner aims at identifying pain location, its intensity, temporal patterns, relieving factors and interference. It is hard to measure pain that Jane is experiencing given that she is an infant and has difficulties in communication. However, the best assessment tool should be relying on behavioral assessment of the child. The nurse should therefore observe facial expression as the child coughs and how she makes facial expression after medication has been administered. Therefore the best tool for the case should be the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale which uses to evaluate the level of pain based on the face. Q4. The recommended dosage of paracetamol is 15mg of paracetamol per kilogram. This is calculated by dividing 210 by 14 which gives 15mg per kg. Therefore the dosage recommended by the RMO is correct. Q5. Given the age of Jane and her present condition that gives her difficulties when swallowing, the nurse can utilize d ifferent strategies to administer paracetamol to her. The nurse can administer the paracetamol through a syringe placed at the corner of the mouth after which the nurse pushes the syringe slowly to release the medicine into the throat of the child (Ganzewinkel et.al., 2012). The other strategy that the nurse can use is by giving the paracetamol using a teat bottle where Jane will suck the medicine. The nurse may also administer the pa